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Somalia at a crossroads: Three decades of state reconstruction and Questions of monopoly of force

By Omar Abdi Shire Introduction Somalia remains one of the world’s fragile states. More than three decades after the collapse of the central government in 1991, the country continues to struggle with institutional weakness, dependence on external actors, social fragmentation, and a profound deficit of political trust. Yet after thirty years of state-building efforts, an... The post Somalia at a cr