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politics

Warkasta is tracking politics across 411 reports from 5 sources. Recent coverage touches omar, state, and infrastructure, each linked to its original source with side-by-side comparison where outlets differ.

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Puntland Draws a Red Line as Political Tensions Escalate

Puntland Draws a Red Line as Political Tensions Escalate

Garowe (WDN) – Puntland’s political climate is growing increasingly volatile as senior officials and prominent politicians exchange sharp warnings amid widening allegations of authoritarianism, rising fears of political destabilization and a widening power struggle. The escalating tensions have also drawn attention to the role of the Puntland Legislature, which many critics argue has failed

ENOriginalWardheer News2 min read
The Economist “Newspaper” Recycles Political Stereotypes About Somalia

The Economist “Newspaper” Recycles Political Stereotypes About Somalia

Mogadishu (Commentary) —The Economist, the London-based “newspaper”, is known for reports without by-lines. It is an old publication that is… Sii akhri

ENOriginalPuntland Post2 min read
Fear Grips Afgooye After Local Election Candidate Gunned Down

Fear Grips Afgooye After Local Election Candidate Gunned Down

Afgooye (WDN) – While Villa Somalia continues to push ahead with its highly contentious unilateral electoral agenda in the face of fierce opposition, the country is witnessing a deepening political crisis marked by growing instability, mistrust, and power struggles among competing interest groups. What began as a dispute over the electoral process has increasingly evolved... The post Fear Grips Af

ENOriginalWardheer News2 min read
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Outlines Somalia’s Democratic Future, Calling for an End to Personality-Driven Politics

President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Outlines Somalia’s Democratic Future, Calling for an End to Personality-Driven Politics

JOWHAR, SOMALIA (SONNA) — In a sweeping national address delivered in Jowhar, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud presented a bold and definitive roadmap for the political future of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Highlighting the stark contrast between the nation’s rapidly advancing physical infrastructure and its outdated political mechanics, the President declared that Somalia must definitively [&

ENOriginalSONNA English2 min read
Somalia Couples Regional Infrastructure Expansion with Historic Democratic Reforms

Somalia Couples Regional Infrastructure Expansion with Historic Democratic Reforms

MOGADISHU, SOMALIA (SONNA) — Somalia is rapidly aligning its physical state-building initiatives with comprehensive political restructuring, projecting a robust trajectory toward national prosperity and democratic maturity. During a high-level evening address following a series of major infrastructure inaugurations in Jowhar, Minister Cabdifitaax Qaasim outlined the federal government’s dual

ENOriginalSONNA English2 min read
Strategic Infrastructure Expansion Secures Governance and Economic Horizons in Hirshabelle

Strategic Infrastructure Expansion Secures Governance and Economic Horizons in Hirshabelle

MOGADISHU, SOMALIA (SONNA) — Regional stability relies entirely on the rapid deployment of permanent institutional infrastructure. The Hirshabelle State administration, led by President Ali Abdullahi Hussein (Ali Guudlaawe), has officially executed a sweeping series of inaugurated projects designed to accelerate state-building, enhance public service delivery, and fortify government institutions.

ENOriginalSONNA English2 min read
Turkish Shipping Firm Akkon Lines Launches Operations in Somalia Through Mogadishu Port

Turkish Shipping Firm Akkon Lines Launches Operations in Somalia Through Mogadishu Port

MOGADISHU – Somalia’s main seaport hosted a ceremony to welcome Turkish shipping company Akkon Lines, which has officially launched operations in the Horn of Africa nation for the first time. The event at Mogadishu Port was attended by Somalia’s Minister of Ports and Marine Transport, Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur, Mogadishu Port Director Ambassador Mohamed Ali […]

ENOriginalShabelle Media1 min read
The missing layer: Somalia’s governance crisis

The missing layer: Somalia’s governance crisis

By Wilo Abdulle Somalia does not lack laws. It does not lack institutions, frameworks, or internationally drafted roadmaps. What it lacks, persistently and at great cost, is the quality of leadership required to honestly breathe life into those structures. This is the conversation Somali political and intellectual discourse keeps circling without landing on. It is... The post The missing layer: So

ENOriginalWardheer News13 min read
President Mohamud inaugurates Villa Hirshabelle, new ministries in Jowhar town

President Mohamud inaugurates Villa Hirshabelle, new ministries in Jowhar town

Jowhar (HOL) — Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Hirshabelle President Ali Abdullahi Hussein Guudlawe on Thursday inaugurated Villa Hirshabelle and new buildings for the regional ministries of education and finance.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Ants Scandal, Political Turmoil, and Unpaid Troops: A Tumultuous Week Raises Serious Questions in Puntland

Ants Scandal, Political Turmoil, and Unpaid Troops: A Tumultuous Week Raises Serious Questions in Puntland

By Ahmed A. Yusuf Puntland President Said Abdullahi Deni returned to Garowe recently after a two-week visit to the United Arab Emirates, but instead of providing answers about his trip, his arrival has triggered a cascade of questions surrounding political infighting, unpaid security forces, a bizarre ant-smuggling controversy, and the reported arrest of a man... The post Ants Scandal, Political T

ENOriginalWardheer News4 min read
Adan Madobe and the contested Presidency of Southwest State

Adan Madobe and the contested Presidency of Southwest State

Somalia’s leadership has a habit of recycling failure. The latest example is Adan Mohamed Nur “Madobe,” now installed as the “president” of Southwest State through what many people in the region regard as a federal-run sham election.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Somalia Advances Institutional State-Building with Massive Infrastructure Launch in Jowhar Alongside Global Sports Recognition

Somalia Advances Institutional State-Building with Massive Infrastructure Launch in Jowhar Alongside Global Sports Recognition

MOGADISHU, SOMALIA (SONNA) — Somalia marked a historic day of institutional advancement and global recognition as President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud led a high-level federal delegation to Jowhar to inaugurate a massive portfolio of governance and infrastructure projects. The sweeping federal execution in the administrative capital of Hirshabelle State aligns directly with the nation’s broader a

ENOriginalSONNA English3 min read
Somali President Inaugurates Development Projects During Visit to Hirshabelle Capital

Somali President Inaugurates Development Projects During Visit to Hirshabelle Capital

JOWHAR, Somalia — Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud on Thursday inaugurated a series of development projects and government facilities in the central town of Jowhar during an official visit to the capital of Hirshabelle state, officials said. Mohamud, accompanied by Hirshabelle President Ali Abdullahi Hussein, cut the ribbon on the newly constructed Hirshabelle Presidential […]

ENOriginalShabelle Media1 min read
Opposition Unity Tested as Farmaajo Dispute Exposes Deepening Fault Lines Ahead of Halane Talks

Opposition Unity Tested as Farmaajo Dispute Exposes Deepening Fault Lines Ahead of Halane Talks

By Mohamed A Yasin At a moment when Somalia’s opposition is under increasing pressure to present a united front against the federal government, a new political dispute threatens to undermine months of efforts aimed at building a broad coalition capable of influencing the country’s future direction. Reports emerging from political circles in Mogadishu indicate that... The post Oppositio

ENOriginalWardheer News6 min read
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Inaugurates Critical Infrastructure and Governance Hubs in Jowhar

President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Inaugurates Critical Infrastructure and Governance Hubs in Jowhar

MOGADISHU, SOMALIA (SONNA) — Federal advancement and regional integration took center stage today in Jowhar as President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud launched a comprehensive suite of high-level infrastructure and governance initiatives. Arriving in the administrative capital of Hirshabelle State, the President and his federal delegation were received by Regional President Ali Guudlaawe Hussein and an en

ENOriginalSONNA English2 min read
Aden Madobe takes office as Southwest president after handover ceremony in Baidoa

Aden Madobe takes office as Southwest president after handover ceremony in Baidoa

Baidoa (HOL) — Newly elected Southwest State President Sheikh Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe officially took office Thursday during a handover ceremony at the presidential palace in Baidoa.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
SouthWest State Leader Sheikh Aden Madobe Formally Assumes Office in Baidoa

SouthWest State Leader Sheikh Aden Madobe Formally Assumes Office in Baidoa

BAIDOA, Somalia – The newly elected leader of Somalia’s South West State, Sheikh Aden Mohamed Nur, widely known as Aden Madobe, formally assumed office on Thursday following a handover ceremony held at the presidential palace in Baidoa. Madobe took over the administration from Jibril Abdirashid Haji Abdi, who had been serving as the interim […]

ENOriginalShabelle Media1 min read
Somalia regrets US decision to deny Somali FIFA referee Omar Artan entry

Somalia regrets US decision to deny Somali FIFA referee Omar Artan entry

Mogadishu (HOL) — Somalia’s federal government expressed deep regret Wednesday over the United States’ decision to deny entry to Somali international referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan, who had been selected to officiate at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
'Chill, relax,' FIFA president says about Somalia referee's US entry denial

'Chill, relax,' FIFA president says about Somalia referee's US entry denial

FIFA President Gianni Infantino on Wednesday urged critics to "chill, relax" over travel and visa controversies surrounding the 2026 World Cup, defending FIFA's handling of the issues after being pressed about the denial of entry to a Somali referee by the US and restrictions affecting some teams, journalists, and fans.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Silence from Somalia’s Opposition Raises Eyebrows as South West Election Proceeds Amid Controversy

Silence from Somalia’s Opposition Raises Eyebrows as South West Election Proceeds Amid Controversy

Mogadishu (WDN) – In a development that has surprised ordinary Somalis and political observers alike, the opposition coalition long known for their vocal criticism of controversial elections, constitutional changes, and term-extension efforts has remained conspicuously silent as South West State prepares to elect its next president. The silence comes despite mounting concerns over the credibility.

ENOriginalWardheer News3 min read
South West Presidential Candidate Withdraws Mid-Election While Adan Madobe’s Pre-Orchestrated Victory Holds

South West Presidential Candidate Withdraws Mid-Election While Adan Madobe’s Pre-Orchestrated Victory Holds

Baidoa (WDN) – As widely predicted, Adan Mohamed Nur “Madobe” who continues to cling to the position of Speaker of Somalia’s Federal Parliament despite clear legal and constitutional barriers that prevent him from remaining in office after officially declaring his candidacy for the South West State presidency — has now been declared the winner of... The post South West Presidential Candidate Withd

ENOriginalWardheer News3 min read
Somali Opposition Submits Key Security Proposals to Turkey as Political Dialogue Gains Momentum

Somali Opposition Submits Key Security Proposals to Turkey as Political Dialogue Gains Momentum

Mogadishu(WDN) – Somalia’s opposition leaders have submitted a series of security-related proposals to Turkey, which is facilitating talks between the Federal Government and opposition groups aimed at addressing disputes over elections, constitutional reforms, and the country’s political future. The development is being viewed as a positive step toward easing political tensions and cre

ENOriginalWardheer News3 min read
Aden Madobe elected Southwest regional president after Sharif Hassan withdraws

Aden Madobe elected Southwest regional president after Sharif Hassan withdraws

Baidoa (HOL) — Somali Lower House Speaker Sheikh Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe was elected president of Southwest State on Wednesday after a vote in Baidoa marked by the withdrawal of a leading rival candidate over alleged irregularities.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Somali Speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws

Somali Speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws

Baidoa (HOL) — Somali Lower House Speaker Sheikh Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe was elected president of Southwest State on Wednesday after a vote in Baidoa marked by the withdrawal of a leading rival candidate over alleged irregularities.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Prime Minister Hamza Congratulates New Southwest State Leader

Prime Minister Hamza Congratulates New Southwest State Leader

Mogadishu, June 10, 2026(SONNA)- Prime Minister of the Federal Government of Somalia, H.E, Hamza Abdi Barre has congratulated Sheikh Adan Mohamed Nur on his election as the new leader of Southwest State following a vote held Wednesday in Baidoa. In a statement, the Prime Minister said the election reflects progress in Somalia’s electoral process and […]

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Somalia, EU Strengthen Cooperation on Media and Countering Misinformation

Somalia, EU Strengthen Cooperation on Media and Countering Misinformation

Mogadishu, June 10, 2026(SONNA)-Somalia’s Minister of Information, Culture and Tourism, Abdulfatah Kasim Mohamud, met European Union Ambassador to Somalia, Francesca Di Mauro, in Mogadishu on Wednesday to discuss strengthening cooperation in media development, public awareness, and efforts to combat misinformation. The two sides explored ways to enhance collaboration on public awareness camp

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Congratulates Sheikh Adan Mohamed Nur “Madobe” on Election as Southwest State Leader

President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Congratulates Sheikh Adan Mohamed Nur “Madobe” on Election as Southwest State Leader

Mogadishu(SONNA)-Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has congratulated Sheikh Adan Mohamed Nur, widely known as “Madobe,” following his election on Wednesday as the new leader of Southwest State of Somalia. Madobe was elected by the Southwest State Parliament in a vote held in the interim capital, Baidoa, securing an overwhelming 88 votes out of the 90 […]

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Somalia’s Parliament Speaker Wins South West State Presidential Election

Somalia’s Parliament Speaker Wins South West State Presidential Election

BAIDOA, Somalia — Somalia’s House of the People Speaker, Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe, was elected president of South West State on Wednesday in a landslide parliamentary vote, according to the regional election commission. Madobe secured 88 votes in the presidential election, while his sole challenger, former Speaker Abdiaziz Mohamed Jawari, received one vote, the […]

ENOriginalShabelle Media1 min read
Southwest candidate quits Baidoa vote, alleges breach of election agreement

Southwest candidate quits Baidoa vote, alleges breach of election agreement

Baidoa (HOL) — Southwest State presidential candidate Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden withdrew from Wednesday’s election in Baidoa, accusing the electoral commission and regional authorities of violating agreements meant to protect the secrecy and integrity of the vote.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Somali PM Hails Referee Omar Artan as Symbol of Hope After World Cup Setback

Somali PM Hails Referee Omar Artan as Symbol of Hope After World Cup Setback

MOGADISHU, Somalia — Somali Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre on Wednesday paid tribute to internationally recognized referee Omar Artan, saying the official’s dream of officiating at the FIFA World Cup may have been delayed but not diminished, as he praised his contribution to football and his inspirational legacy. Speaking after hosting Artan in Mogadishu, […]

ENOriginalShabelle Media2 min read
Somali Opposition Accuses Government of Targeting Political Rivals

Somali Opposition Accuses Government of Targeting Political Rivals

MOGADISHU, Somalia — Somali opposition leaders on Wednesday accused the federal government of using security forces to intimidate political opponents and called for an immediate halt to operations targeting opposition figures. The criticism came after a meeting of opposition politicians in Mogadishu, where participants voiced concerns over the country’s political and security situatio

ENOriginalShabelle Media1 min read
Africa’s Best Referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan Receives Warm Welcome in Mogadishu

Africa’s Best Referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan Receives Warm Welcome in Mogadishu

Mogadishu, (SONNA) – International referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan arrived at Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu a short while ago, where he was warmly received by representatives of the government officials, Somali Football Federation, fellow Somali referees, members of civil society, and a large crowd of supporters. Artan was named Africa’s Best Referee of 2025, […]

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Southwest lawmakers to elect regional President amid tight security in Baidoa

Southwest lawmakers to elect regional President amid tight security in Baidoa

Baidoa (HOL) — Southwest State lawmakers are expected to elect the region’s next president Wednesday in Baidoa, where authorities have imposed a curfew and tightened security ahead of the vote.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
Puntland Crackdown on Dissent and Freedom of Assembly and Expression Amid Deepening Political Tensions with Mogadishu

Puntland Crackdown on Dissent and Freedom of Assembly and Expression Amid Deepening Political Tensions with Mogadishu

Qardho (WDN)- Since his re-election as President of Puntland, President Said Abdullahi Deni has faced escalating public discontent amid worsening economic conditions, soaring unemployment, rampant corruption and an increasingly unbearable cost of living. At the same time, his administration has been tightening its grip on civic space through the intimidation of journalists, restrictions on indepen

ENOriginalWardheer News4 min read
South West Presidential Race Thrown into Turmoil as Candidates Boycott Election Process Over Alleged Irregularities

South West Presidential Race Thrown into Turmoil as Candidates Boycott Election Process Over Alleged Irregularities

Baidoa(WDN) – The credibility of the South West State presidential election suffered a major blow on the eve of voting after two leading candidates dramatically withdrew from key stages of the electoral process, citing what they described as serious violations that have undermined the integrity, transparency, and independence of the election. At a hastily convened... The post South West Presidenti

ENOriginalWardheer News3 min read
Somalis Demonstrate Outside Turkish Consulate in Canada, Demand Answers Over Military Assistance

Somalis Demonstrate Outside Turkish Consulate in Canada, Demand Answers Over Military Assistance

Mogadishu (WDN) — A growing political controversy is raising uncomfortable questions about the use of foreign-supplied military assistance in Somalia, after Somali demonstrators protested outside the Turkish Consulate in Canada, accusing the Federal Government of deploying Turkish-provided military assets against political opponents rather than against Al-Shabaab militants. Carrying banners and pl

ENOriginalWardheer News3 min read
Foreign Affairs Minister Holds Talks with Pakistani and Rwandan Counterparts

Foreign Affairs Minister Holds Talks with Pakistani and Rwandan Counterparts

Mogadishu, (SONNA) — The Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Federal Republic of Somalia, H.E. Abdisalam Abdi Ali, held separate telephone conversations with the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic […]

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Minister of Education Inspects Progress of Gaheyr Campus Modernization Project

Minister of Education Inspects Progress of Gaheyr Campus Modernization Project

Mogadishu (SONNA) – The Minister of Education, Culture and Higher Education of the Federal Government of Somalia, H.E. Farah Sheikh Abdulkadir, accompanied by the President of the Somali National University, Prof. Mohamed Mahmoud, today conducted an inspection visit to the university’s Gaheyr Campus to assess the progress of ongoing reconstruction and modernization works. During the […]

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Somalia, Türkiye Advance Strategic Cooperation on Spaceport Project

Somalia, Türkiye Advance Strategic Cooperation on Spaceport Project

Mogadishu, (SONNA) — The Ambassador the Federal Republic of Somalia to the Republic of Türkiye, H.E. Fathudin Ali Mohamed “Fathi Ospite,” today met with Mr. Yusuf Kıraç, President of the Turkish Space Agency (TUA), to discuss progress on Somalia’s strategic spaceport project, which is currently under construction. The meeting focused on exchanging views on the […]

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Southwest State candidates file complaint over ballot secrecy, election fairness

Southwest State candidates file complaint over ballot secrecy, election fairness

Baidoa (HOL) — Two Southwest State presidential candidates have filed a formal complaint with the electoral commission on Monday, raising concerns over ballot secrecy, federal influence and the fairness of the region’s upcoming leadership election.

ENOriginalHiiraan Online1 min read
SoDMA launches consultative meeting on the establishment of National Disaster Risk Management Fund

SoDMA launches consultative meeting on the establishment of National Disaster Risk Management Fund

Mogadishu, (SONNA) — The Deputy Commissioner of the Somali Disaster Management Agency (SoDMA), Dr. Ahmed Abdi Adan today launched a consultative meeting in Mogadishu on the establishment of Somalia’s National Disaster Risk Management Fund (NDRMF), bringing together representatives from government institutions, Federal Member States, international partners, local organizations, and civil society. P

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Somalia Regrets World Cup Absence of Referee Omar Artan After U.S. Entry Setback

Somalia Regrets World Cup Absence of Referee Omar Artan After U.S. Entry Setback

MOGADISHU — Somalia’s Ministry of Youth and Sports on Tuesday expressed deep regret over the circumstances that prevented internationally recognized Somali referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan from participating in the 2026 FIFA World Cup being hosted across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. In a statement, the ministry said the Somali government had undertaken extensive […]

ENOriginalShabelle Media2 min read
Geopolitical Conflicts Exacerbate Inflation and Food Insecurity in the Horn of Africa

Geopolitical Conflicts Exacerbate Inflation and Food Insecurity in the Horn of Africa

Mogadishu – The Horn of Africa, already burdened by chronic food insecurity and economic fragility, is now facing intensified inflationary pressures as a direct consequence of two ongoing geopolitical conflicts: the Iran-U.S. proxy tensions in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine war. Regional and international diplomatic sources confirm that these conflicts have severely disrupted global [&#823

ENOriginalSONNA English3 min read
Minister of Information Launches Rehabilitation of Radio Mogadishu Archive to Advance Modernization Efforts

Minister of Information Launches Rehabilitation of Radio Mogadishu Archive to Advance Modernization Efforts

Mogadishu, (SONNA) – The Minister of Information, Culture and Tourism of the Federal Government of Somalia, H.E. Abdifatah Qasim Mahmoud, today launched the rehabilitation and maintenance of the Radio Mogadishu Archive as part of efforts to accelerate the preservation and modernization of Somalia’s historic audio heritage. The Minister was accompanied by the Deputy Minister, the […]

ENOriginalSONNA English2 min read
Interior Ministry Director General Co-Chairs Somalia Stability Fund Technical Joint Steering Committee Meeting

Interior Ministry Director General Co-Chairs Somalia Stability Fund Technical Joint Steering Committee Meeting

Mogadishu, (SONNA) — The Director General of the Ministry of Interior, Federal Affairs and Reconciliation of the Federal Government of Somalia, Mr.Abdulkadir Elmi Ali, today co-chaired the Technical Joint Steering Committee meeting of the Somalia Stability Fund (SSF) alongside the FCDO Development Director, Mr. Chris Pycroft. The meeting brought together representatives from the Federal Government

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Electoral Commission Issues Strict Transparency Mandate Ahead of Southwest State Presidential Vote

Electoral Commission Issues Strict Transparency Mandate Ahead of Southwest State Presidential Vote

Mogadishu(SONNA)-The Electoral Commission has officially responded to mounting concerns regarding the integrity, fairness, and transparency of the Southwest State presidential election scheduled to take place tomorrow, Wednesday. In a formal statement aimed at defusing rising political tensions, the commission addressed key administrative and procedural demands to guarantee a level playing field f

ENOriginalSONNA English1 min read
Hirshabelle regional President, AUSSOM Commander Discuss Security Cooperation

Hirshabelle regional President, AUSSOM Commander Discuss Security Cooperation

JOWHAR – The president of Somalia’s Hirshabelle state, Ali Abdullahi Hussein Guudlaawe, held talks with the commander of the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) Sector 5, Brigadier General Michel Ndenzako, on strengthening security cooperation and accelerating joint operations in the region, officials said. The meeting focused on the security situation [&#823

ENOriginalShabelle Media1 min read
National Workshop on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme Concludes in Mogadishu

National Workshop on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme Concludes in Mogadishu

Mogadishu, (SONNA) — The National Workshop on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme, organized by UNESCO with support from the JFIT Programme funded by the Government of Japan, concluded today in Mogadishu. The workshop brought together representatives from government institutions, experts, and key stakeholders engaged in the preservation of heritage, culture, literature, history, and national [&

ENOriginalSONNA English2 min read

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